Allergens are not detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy

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Reply to Liccardi et al. Why are allergens not detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid?

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Relevance of allergenic sensitization to cynodon dactylon and Phragmites communis: cross-reactivity with pooideae grasses

Background and Objectives: The homologous group of sweet grasses belongs to the Pooideae subfamily, but grass pollen species from other subfamilies can also cause allergy, such as Cynodon dactylon (Chloridoideae) and Phragmites communi (Arundinoideae). C dactylon and P communis have not been included in the sweet grasses homologous group because of their low cross-reactivity with other grasses. The aims of this study were to investigate the profile of sensitization to C dactylon and P communis in patients sensitized to grasses and to analyze cross-reactivity between these 2 species and temperate grasses. Methods: Patients were skin prick tested with a grass mixture (GM). Specific IgE to GM, C dactylon, P communis, Cyn d 1, and Phl p 1 was measured by ImmunoCAP. A pool of sera was used for the immunoblot assays. Cross-reactivity was studied by ELISA and immunoblot inhibition. Results: Thirty patients had sIgE to GM. Twenty-four (80%) had positive results for C dactylon, 27 (90%) for P communis, 22 (73.3%) or nCyn d 1, and 92.9% for rPhl p 1. Bands were detected in the 3 extracts by immunoblot. Inhibition of GM was not observed with C dactylon or P communis by immunoblot or ELISA inhibition. When C dactylon or P communis were used in the solid phase, GM produced almost complete inhibition. Conclusions: Eighty percent of patients sensitized to grasses were also sensitized to C dactylon and 90% were sensitized to P communis. Sensitization to these species seems to be induced by allergens different to those in sweet grasses (AU)

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Desde un punto de vista taxonómico, el grupo homólogo de las gramíneas pertenece a la sub-familia Pooideae. Sin embargo, existen también otras especies de gramíneas alergénicas que pertenecen a sub-familias diferentes como son Cynodon dactylon (Chloridoideae) o Phragmites communis (Arundinoideae). C. dactylon y P. communis no están incluidas en este grupo homólogo debido a que la reactividad cruzada con otras gramíneas es limitada. Los objetivos del estudio fueron investigar el perfil de sensibilización a C. dactylon y P. communis en pacientes sensibilizados a gramíneas y analizar la reactividad cruzada entre estas dos especies y las gramíneas más comunes. Métodos: A los pacientes se les realizó una prueba cutánea con una mezcla de gramíneas (MG). Mediante ImmunoCAP se midió la IgE específica para MG, C. dactylon P. communis , Cyn d 1 y Phl p 1. Un pool de sueros se utilizó para ensayos de inmunoblot. La reactividad cruzada se estudió mediante ELISA e inmunoblot inhibición Resultados: Treinta pacientes tuvieron IgE específica para MG. Veinticuatro (80%) fueron positivos a C. dactylon, 27 (90%) a P. communis, 22 (73,3%) a nCyn d 1 y 92,9% fueron positivos a rPhl p 1. Se detectaron bandas en los tres extractos mediante inmunoblot. No se observó inhibición de MG con las otras dos especies mediante inmunoblot o ELISA inhibición. Cuando C. dactylon o P. communis se usaron en fase sólida, MG produjo una inhibición casi completa. Conclusiones: El 80% de los pacientes sensibilizados a gramíneas estaban también sensibilizados a C. dactylon y el 90% a P. communis. La sensibilización a estas especies parece estar inducida por diferentes alérgenos que en el caso de gramíneas (AU)

Rhinitis due to larvae used in pet food Uriarte SA

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Tomato nsLTP as an 'In Vivo' diagnostic tool: sensitization in a mediterranean population

Antecedentes: La alergia a tomate ha sido ampliamente estudiada; sin embargo, todavía no se ha realizado diagnóstico basado en componentes in vivo con alérgenos purificados. Objetivos: Evaluar la prevalencia de sensibilización a Sola l3 en una población mediterránea y comparar su perfil de sensibilización con el de individuos sensibilizados a piel de tomate, piel de melocotón y/o nsLTP (proteínas de transferencia de lípidos) purificadas. Métodos: Se purificó Sola l3, se caracterizó y se utilizó para preparar pruebas cutáneas (SPT). Se seleccionaron dos grupos de pacientes. Grupo 1: a estos pacientes se les realizaron pruebas cutáneas con tomate, melocotón y una mezcla de LTPs (extractos marcadores); a los pacientes que fueron positivos al menos a uno ellos se les realizó una prueba cutánea con Sola l3 (n=280). Grupo 2 (estudio de prevalencia): a los pacientes se les realizó una prueba cutánea simultáneamente con los tres extractos marcadores y Sola l3 (n=658). Los pacientes de los dos grupos que fueron positivos a cualquiera de los cuatros extractos se analizaron con más detalle (grupo de estudio, n=123). Se realizaron ensayos de ELISA e inmunoblot con los individuos positivos a Sola l3 para detectar la presencia de anticuerpos IgE específicos para este alérgeno. Resultados: La prevalencia de sensibilización a Sola l3 fue del 3,2%, pero incrementó hasta un 54,7% en pacientes positivos a tomate. La mayoría de los pacientes sensibilizados a tomate fueron asintomáticos. El número de pacientes sintomáticos aumentó en los individuos positivos a Sola l3. La sensibilización a melocotón y mezcla de LTP no discriminó entre pacientes positivos y negativos a Sola l3. Conclusiones: Este estudio confirma que las nsLTP son alérgenos importantes en el área mediterránea, no solo relacionados con melocotón, sino también con otros vegetales, como el tomate. La sensibilización a Sola l3 está relacionada con más síntomas en pacientes sensibilizados a tomate (AU)

Background: Tomato allergies have been extensively studied but component-resolved in vivo diagnosis with purified allergens has yet to be performed. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of sensitization to Sola l3 in a Mediterranean population, and to compare the resulting sensitization profile with that of individuals sensitized to tomato, peach, and/or purified lipid transfer protein (LTP). Methods: Sola l3 was purified, characterized, and used to prepare skin prick tests (SPTs). Two groups of patients were selected. Group 1 consisted of patients with at least 1 positive SPT to tomato, peach, or LTP mixture (marker extracts) who were subsequently tested with Sola l3 (n=280). Group 2 (prevalence study) consisted of patients who underwent simultaneous SPT with the 3 marker extracts and Sola l3 (n=658). Patients from either group who were positive to any of the 4 extracts were studied in detail (study group, n=123). ELISA and immunoblot assays were performed in individuals with a positive SPT to Sola l3 to detect the presence of specific IgE antibodies to this allergen. Results: Prevalence of sensitization to Sola l3 was 3.2% overall and 54.7% in tomato-positive patients. Most tomato-sensitized patients were asymptomatic. Symptoms were more common in Sola l3–positive individuals. Sensitization to peach and the LTP mixture did not discriminate between Sola l3–positive and Sola l3–negative patients. Conclusions: This study confirms that LTP, not only from peach but also from other fruit and vegetables, including tomato, is an important allergen in the Mediterranean area. Sensitization to Sola l3 is associated with more symptoms in tomato-sensitized patients (AU)

Allergy to goat and sheep cheese with tolerance to cow's milk and its derivatives

OBJECTIVE: We present two adult and three paediatric patients who had allergic reactions after cheese ingestion and subsequently tolerated cow's milk derivatives. The objective of this study was to determine possible cross-reactivity between different types of cheese. METHODS: Skin tests were performed to cow's milk fractions, and prick-prick tests for goat, sheep and cow cheese. Specific IgE to the fractions of cow's milk and cow, sheep and goat cheese was analysed. The protein profile of cow, sheep and goat cheese extracts was determined by SDS-PAGE and the allergenic profile by immunoblot. Cross-reactivity was investigated by immunoblot inhibition. RESULTS: Skin tests were positive for casein in the patients. The prick-prick tests were positive for the three cheeses in patients 1 and 4, for goat and sheep cheese in patients 2 and 3, and for sheep cheese in patient 5. The specific IgE test was positive in patients 1, 3 and 4 for goat and sheep cheese, and negative in patients 2 and 5. Serum 3 and 4 clearly recognised goat and sheep cheese extracts. Goat casein was almost completely inhibited with sheep casein and partially inhibited with goat and sheep serum proteins, while there was no inhibition with cow cheese. Sheep casein was totally inhibited with sheep serum proteins. Sheep casein was inhibited with goat and cow caseins, suggesting cross-reactivity among the three types of cheese. CONCLUSIONS: We showed sensitisation to goat and sheep cheese in two patients, and only to sheep cheese in another two of the studied patients

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